What is WAN (Wide Area Network)
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WAN: Wide Area Network
A Wide Area Network (WAN) is a telecommunications network that extends over a large geographic area. Unlike Local Area Networks (LANs) which are confined to a single building or campus, WANs connect multiple LANs, cities, states, or even countries.
How a WAN Works
WANs typically use leased telecommunication circuits, such as leased lines, to connect different locations. These circuits can be dedicated or shared. The Internet is the largest WAN, connecting millions of computers worldwide.
Key components of a WAN:
- Routers: These devices connect different networks and forward data packets between them.
- Modems: Convert digital data into analog signals for transmission over analog lines.
- Communication Links: Physical connections like cables, fiber optic lines, or satellite links.
- Protocols: Communication protocols like TCP/IP, PPP, and Frame Relay are used for data transmission.
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- basic WAN architecture
Types of WAN Technologies
- Leased Lines: Dedicated circuits provided by telecommunication companies.
- Dial-up: Uses the public telephone network for data transmission.
- ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network): Provides digital voice and data services over the telephone network.
- DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): Uses existing telephone lines for high-speed data transmission.
- Cable Modem: Uses cable TV infrastructure for internet access.
- Satellite: Uses satellites for long-distance communication.
- MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching): A high-performance networking technology for WANs.
WAN vs. LAN
| Feature | WAN | LAN |
|---|---|---|
| Geographic Scope | Large | Small |
| Media | Leased lines, satellite, etc. | Ethernet cables, Wi-Fi |
| Topology | Star, Mesh, Bus, Ring | Star, Bus, Ring |
| Speed | Slower | Faster |
| Cost | Higher | Lower |
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Challenges in WAN Management
- Latency: Higher latency compared to LANs due to longer distances.
- Security: Protecting data transmitted over long distances is crucial.
- Reliability: Ensuring continuous connectivity and data integrity.
- Cost: Maintaining and upgrading WAN infrastructure can be expensive.
WAN Applications
- Connecting remote offices and branches: Enables communication and data sharing between different locations of an organization.
- Internet access: Provides access to the internet for individuals and organizations.
- Global communication: Facilitates communication between people and organizations across the world.
- Online services: Supports cloud computing, video conferencing, and other online applications.
Future Trends in WAN
- SD-WAN (Software-Defined WAN): Offers greater flexibility, agility, and cost-effectiveness.
- 5G and Beyond: Integration of wireless technologies with WANs for improved coverage and performance.
- Edge Computing: Pushing computing resources closer to the network edge for reduced latency.
In conclusion, WANs are essential for modern communication and business operations. They provide the backbone for connecting people and organizations across vast distances.